Quiz 3
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Civil rights
Rights that the gov must provide & protect
Civil rights include…
• voting rights • equal opportunity • equal protection under law
De jure v. De Facto
De jure = discriminatory laws or government actions De facto = segregation that is not due to law but rather due to social discrimination
13th amend
Ended slavery (except in incarceration)
14th amend
Mandated equal opportunity and equal protection under law; birthright citizenship (longest in constitution)
15th amend
Gave all (male) citizens that right to vote
19th amend
Gave women the right to vote
24th amend
Prohibited poll taxes
26th amend
Gave 18 yr olds right to vote
Judicial Actions
Brown cases (1954 and 1955) - class action suit - 1954 ruling ordered the desegregation of schools (it overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, which legitimized all forms of segregation in the south after a mixed racial heritage man was arrested for riding a trolley for white ppl) - additional 1955 ruling ordered desegregation “with all deliberate speed” after noting was done with the 1954 ruling
Executive Actions
• 1948 Pres Truman desegregated the military • 1957 Central High, Little Rock
Legislative Actions
• 1964 Civil Rights Act - assassination of JFK compels Congress to pass Civil Rights Act (less controversial thatn Voting Rights Act) - title 7 against sex discrimantaion • 1965 Voting Rights Act • 1968 Civil Rights Act - Prohibits housing discrimination • 1972 Equal Employment Opportunity - title 9 (deals with gender equality)