Medicine
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The most sensitive organ to hypoxia is:
Brain Due to its high oxygen demand and low tolerance to deprivation.
Hyperthermia differs from fever in that: A. Cytokines are involved in both B. Set-point temperature increases in hyperthermia C. Fever is due to external heat exposure D. Hyperthermia has no change in hypothalamic set-point
Hyperthermia has no change in hypothalamic set-point 🧠 Explanation: Unlike fever (which resets the hypothalamic thermostat), hyperthermia is an uncontrolled increase in body temperature without a change in the hypothalamic set-point (e.g., heatstroke).
Fever accompanied by bradycardia is most characteristic of: • a) Black quarter • b) Anthrax • c) Milk fever • d) Pericarditis
d) Pericarditis Explanation: Pericarditis often leads to vagal stimulation, which causes bradycardia—a paradoxical sign since fever usually increases heart rate.
Increased pulse pressure is seen in: • a) Hypovolemia • b) Hyperkalemia • c) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) • d) Cardiac tamponade
PDA causes a wide gap between systolic and diastolic pressures due to diastolic runoff of blood—leading to increased pulse pressure.
The characteristic sign of traumatic reticuloperitonitis is: • a) Grinding of teeth • b) Grunting test positive • c) Tachycardia • d) Diarrhea
Grunting (pain response) is specific to TRP and can be elicited by withers pinch or pole test.
Lactic acidosis in ruminants is caused by: • a) Excess urea • b) Excess concentrate • c) Excess fiber • d) Protein deficiency
Explanation: Excess carbohydrate (grain) intake leads to overgrowth of Streptococcus bovis, producing lactic acid → acidosis.
Diarrhea with blood and mucus in young calves indicates: • a) Johne’s disease • b) Coccidiosis • c) Salmonellosis • d) Enterotoxemia
b) coccidiosis Explanation: Eimeria spp. cause mucosal damage in intestines → hemorrhagic and mucoid diarrhea.
The gold standard for diagnosing pericarditis is: • a) ECG • b) Pericardiocentesis • c) X-ray • d) Auscultation
b) Pericardiocentesis allows direct sampling and analysis of pericardial fluid for definitive diagnosis.
‘Thumping’ in pigs is associated with:
Respiratory disease Explanation: Thumping refers to labored, abdominal breathing in pigs due to pneumonia.
‘Chewing gum’ seizures in dogs are seen in:
Distemper Explanation: Neurological form of canine distemper causes facial myoclonus — resembles chewing gum.
The ‘Ping’ sound on percussion in cattle is associated with:
LDA (Left Displaced Abomasum) Explanation: Gas-filled displaced abomasum produces a metallic “ping” sound on percussion.
‘Big head’ in rams is due to:
Clostridium sordellii Explanation: Big head is a cellulitis in young rams due to head butting + Clostridium sordellii infection.
The earliest sign of heart failure in dogs is usually: a) Coughing b) Exercise intolerance c) Ascites d) Syncope
b) Exercise intolerance Explanation: Early symptom due to reduced cardiac output.
treatment for a cow with acute pulmonary edema due to anaphylaxis
epinephrine 10ml
“Pipe stem liver” is seen in:
Fasciolosis (due to fibrosis of bile ducts)
drug used for symptomatic treatment of Bovine Ephemeral Fever
sodium salicylate
In pericarditis, which test is positive in cattle?
withers test
“Rope-like” milk secretion in cows indicates:
Streptococcal mastitis
“Muzzle dryness” is a sign of:
RP
The most sensitive test for ketonemia is:
Blood β-hydroxybutyrate
The gold standard for brucellosis diagnosis:
culture
Most common cause of ascites in dogs:
Liver cirrhosis
Barrel-shaped chest is typical of:
Emphysema
Urine with ammonia smell indicates:
UTI with urease-positive bacteria