Electrolytes
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What is a solute?
A substance dissolved in a solvent to create a solution
What are electrolytes?
Substances with molecules that dissociate or split into ions when placed in water
Are cations positively or negatively charged?
Positively charged
Are anions positively or negatively charged?
Negatively charged
What is osmotic pressure?
The “power” of a solution to draw water through a selectively permeable membrane
Across a selectively permeable membrane, will a greater osmotic pressure be exerted by the high concentration solution or the lower concentration solution?
The higher concentration solution will exert a higher osmotic pressure, drawing water towards itself through the membrane
Filtration pressure is the net of which two pressures?
Hydrostatic pressure and oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure in capillaries is the result of what?
Blood pressure from the arterial system
Oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure in capillaries is the result of what?
The presence of proteins that cannot move out of the capillaries (primarily albumin)
Does hydrostatic pressure drive fluids into or out of the capillaries?
Hydrostatic pressure drives fluid out of capillaries
Does oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure drive fluids into or out of the capillaries?
Oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure drives fluids into capillaries
What is the tonicity of a solution with the same osmolarity as body fluids?
Isotonic e.g. 0.9% NaCl
What is the tonicity of a solution with a higher osmolarity than body fluids?
Hypertonic e.g. 3% NaCl
What is the tonicity of a solution with a lower osmolarity than body fluids?
Hypotonic e.g. 0.45% NaCl
Low blood volume is called what?
Hypovolemia
High blood volume is called what?
Hypervolemia
The loss of water without electrolyte loss is called what?
Dehydration
When the concentration of electrolytes in blood is too low, this is called what?
Water intoxication (Overhydration)
What percentage of total body weight is from fluid?
60%
Of the fluid in the body, how much is intracellular?
2/3 of the fluid in the body is intracellular (40% of total body weight)
Of the fluid in the body, how much is extracellular?
1/3 of the fluid in the body is extracellular (20% of total body weight)
Of the extracellular fluid, how much is interstitial fluid?
3/4 of extracellular fluid in the body is interstitial fluid (15% of total body weight)
Of the extracellular fluid, how much is vascular?
1/4 of extracellular fluid is vascular (5% of total body weight)
What are the four extracellular fluid compartments?
Intravascular (cardiovascular system), Interstitial, Lymph and Transcellular (Serous fluid, synovial fluid etc.)