Chapter 9 - Crude Oils
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Define hydrocarbons [2]
A substance with hydrogen and carbon [1] only [1]
What is crude oil? [1]
A mixture of different compounds [1]
State the general formula for alkanes [1] Why is an alkane saturated? [1]
CnH(2n+2) [1] An alkane is saturated due to having 4 hydrogens per carbon [1]
How is crude oil separated into various substances? [1]
Fractional distillation [1]
Explain how fractional distillation of crude oil is carried out. [5]
Crude oil vaporised by heat and fed into a fractioning column. [1] The column becomes colder as you go up the column. [1] The gases condense when they reach their specific boiling point [1] Fractions are collected continuously [1] Useful fractions are collected at the top, gases which aren’t useful are collected at the bottom. [1]
Define volatility [1]
Tendency of a substance to turn into a gas [1]
Define viscosity [1]
The thickness of the substance [1]
State the waste products in a complete combustion of a hydrocarbon [2]
Carbon dioxide [1] Water [1]
Define flammability [1]
How easy it is to ignite a substance [1]
What is the purpose of cracking? [1]
Breaking down longer chain hydrocarbons into useful shorter chain hydrocarbons [1]
Give 4 uses of crude oil [4]
Fuel for transport [1] Solvents [1] Lubricants [1] Detergents [1]
How does incomplete combustion of alkanes cause damage to health? [2]
Incomplete combustion forms carbon monoxide [1] Toxic as RBC’s can pick up CO instead of transporting oxygen [1]
What are 2 ways cracking can be carried out? [2]
Passing over a hot catalyst [1] Mixed w/ steam and heated [1]