Cardiovascular System
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What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
Supplies oxygen and nutrients to every living cell throughout the body by orchestrated movement of blood and lymph
What structures are part of the cardiovascular system?
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
What is the function of the heart?
Propels blood through the circulatory system
What are the different chambers of the heart? (4)
Right and left atria Right and left ventricles
What is the function of the atria?
Receives blood returning from the heart from other areas of the body
What is the function of the ventricles?
Collects and expels blood from the heart
What separates the atria and ventricles?
Atrioventricular valves Right: Tricuspid valve Left: mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
What are the 3 major types of blood vessels?
Arteries Veins Capillaries
What are the characteristics of arteries?
Strong elastic vessels Adapted to the high pressure of blood as it leaves the heart
What are the smaller branches of arteries called and where do they supply their blood??
Arterioles -supplies to the smallest blood vessels called capillaries
Why do capillaries consist of just a single layer of epithelial tissue?
Allows for substances and gases to be exchanged between the blood and the cells of tissues via diffusion
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
How does blood return to the heart?
From capillaries via venules (merge to form veins)
Why are veins thinner that arteries?
Veins do not have to carry blood under high pressure
What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?
Valves
What is the largest vein in the body? Function?
Inferior vena cava -brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Which vein brings blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
What is the function of blood?
Transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removes wastes products (carbon dioxide and ammonia)
What are the 4 main components of blood?
Reb blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
What is plasma? Components?
Liquid component of blood that account for approximately half the blood volume (55%) -proteins and electrolytes
What is the second greatest component of blood by volume?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
What is the functional unit of a erythrocyte?
Hemoglobin
What is a hemoglobin?
An iron containing protein that facilitates gas exchange by binding to oxygen or carbon dioxide
What is Anemia?
Condition that occurs when hemoglobin levels are low