science chapter 6 study giude
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What is a reactant
It a substance or molecule that is part of a chemical reaction
What is a chemical reaction
When two substances combine to form one new substance
What is a product
It is what is formed in the reaction
How are bonds broken
When energy is added
What are the four ways that bonds can be broken
Heat, electricity, sound or light
What is chemical energy
The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to form a new compound
What is an exothermic reaction
It is when heat is released
What is an endothermic reaction
It is when heat is absorbed
What are the five types of reactions
Synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single displacement, and double displacement
What is a synthesis reaction and the formula for it
It is a reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound. Formula is: a+b=ab
What is decomposition
It is a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances Formula is: ab= a+b
What is electrolysis
It is the decomposition of water
What is combustion and some of the common reactants and products
It is the oxidation reaction of an organic compound in which heat is released. Reactant is oxygen and products are carbon dioxide and water
What do these reaction depend on
The amount of oxygen
What is single displacement
It is a reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound Formula is: ax+b=bx+a
What is double displacement
It is when two compounds exchange ions Formula is: ax+by=ay+bx
What is oxidation reduction reaction
It is any chemical change in which one species is oxidized ( loses electrons) and the other gains electrons. This is also called redox reaction
How do you know if a substance is reduced or oxidized
If it is oxidized it gives up electrons and reduced is when it takes the electrons
What is a radical
An organic group that has one or more electrons available for bonding
What is a chemical equation
A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
How do you balance a chemical equation
By putting coefficients in front of the formulas
What is a mole ratio
The relative number of moles of the substance required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction
What are the factors that affect reaction rates
Temperature, surface area, concentrated solutions, high pressure
What is a catalyst
They are non reactants that help speed up or slow down reactions