Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Genetic Control
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What is a centriole
Cylindrical organelle - development of spindle fibers in cell division
Plasma membrane function
Provides cellular structure Seperates internal from external Selectively permable Allows communication between internal and external Detects chemical messages arriving into cell
Two types of membrane proteins
Integral: Covalently bound to molecules in the membrane Transmembrane Can cross lipid bilayer many times Peripheral: Partially embedded Non covalently bound to integral proteins
What is the nucleus
Controls cell activity and contains DNA
Golgi A
modifies proteins from ER and packages them into vesicles
What is a lysosome
vesicle containing degestive enzymes - performs clean up Destroy bacteria, damages organelles…
What is the cytoskeleton
A network of interconnected microtubles which consist of protein filaments - function for movement and support
How many amino acids are there?
20
How many amino acids make a peptide
Less than 10
How many amino acids make a polypeptide
10-100
How many amino acids make a protein
More than 100
What is a gene?
region of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
List the order of Gene expression
Transcription Splicing Translation
What does transcription do and where does it occur
• DNA code is transcribed into mRNA - codons • Codons specify the amino acid sequence • mRNA carries the message from DNA This occurs in the nucleus
What does Splicing do and where does it occur
• Removes Introns (non-coding region) • Splices exons together (coding regions) • mRNA exits nucleus and enter cytoplasm This occurs in the nucleus
What does Translation do and where does it occur
• mRNA code is translated to tRNA • Each codon in the mRNA pairs with a complementary anticodon from tRNA. • This determines which amino acids are used as each tRNA carries an amino acid that detaches from the mRNA to form a polypeptide chain This occurs in the ribosome