prokaryotic cells
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what is a prokaryotic cell?
a cell with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
describe the DNA in a prokaryotic cell
• usually one DNA molecule • chromosomal = compact • free in cytoplasm • contains genes needed to grow and reproduce • plasmid DNA contains additional genes
describe the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells
smaller than in eukaryotic cells (70s)
describe the cell wall in prokaryotic cells
made of peptidoglycan or murein - composed of carbohydrates and amino acids to stop it bursting
describe the flagella in prokaryotic cells
• thinner than eukaryotes • energy from chemiosmosis • ‘hook’ rotates in a whipping movement
what is the function of pili?
increases surface area
what is the approximate size of a bacterial prokaryotic cell?
0.1-10 micrometres
what is the prokaryotic capsule?
• waxy layer surrounding cell wall • prevents it drying out • protects against white blood cells
describe 2 differences between mitochondria and prokaryotic cells
• prokaryotic cells have a cell wall • mitochondria has a double membrane