Cells

When one cell becomes 2 cells

Interphase G1: Growth 1, growth of the cell-> get big & gather resources S: Synthesis, replicating of DNA G2: Growth 2, create extra organelles Interphase is the longest stage

Prophase -DNA winds up into chromosomes -Nucleus begins to break down -centrioles go to the poles -chromosome forms

Metaphase -centrioles are at the poles -chromosomes line up along the middle -centrioles send spindle fibres to connect chromosomes before getting pulled apart

Anaphase -centrioles pull apart the chromosomes into their sister chromatids -everything needed for a full cell is in each half of the current cell

Telophase -chromatids unwind back into DNA strands -centrioles are done their job -nucleus begins to form again -cell begins to pinch at the middle (necking)

-telophase part 2 called citokynesis -nucleus is fully formed -DNA unravels -cellular membrane cleaves apart -plant cells build a wall in the middle -plant cells have no centrioles -mitosis is now complete

Asexual reproduction -single parent cell becomes 2 identical daughter cells

Sexual reproduction -two parent cells (gametes) coming together to create a new cell (zygote)

Repair: Ex. Skin cells are constantly exposed and need to be replaced

Growth: A cell grows by taking nutrients in, moving them to where they’re needed and building itself out of them. The movement is called diffusion

The natural movement of particles through a fluid as the particles go from an area of high concentration to low concentration. A cell will spit into two smaller parts to allow the travel of nutrients to be faster since diffusion is slow. The smaller the cell, the more efficient and quick things can move inside it.

Cells do not have language but instead signals called messenger compounds The nucleus is signalled when a development checkpoint has been reached and will not divide until all checkpoints are reached If a cell is not dividing correctly the nucleus has the power to destroy the cell

Self destruction of a cell When a cell is found to be faulty by the nucleus will undergo apoptosis

-When fast replicating cells develop copying errors -apoptosis can be faulty and this causes faulty cells to stop self destructing -they replicate rapidly and create clusters called tumours

Cluster of cells that doesn’t cause harm and exists without harm in the body

The cluster of cells is negatively affecting organs, tissues and other cells around it -Tumours break move and spread

When a cells form or function changes to become a more specific type of cell to preform one task Ex. White blood cell-> Neutrophil

A stem cell can become many cells An embryo thats 1-4 days old has totipotent stem cells They can turn into the embryonic cells & the cells of the placenta After day 4 the cells are either placenta or fetus The embryonic are pluripotent meaning they can become any kind of cell in the human body

• Organelles 2.cells 3.tissues 4.organs 5.organ system 6.organism (life)