3.1.3 Bonding
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What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice
What is a covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons
What is a coordinate bond?
A shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom
How is a covalent bond represented?
A line
How is a coordinate bond represented?
An arrow
What is metallic bonding?
The attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions arranged in a lattice
What are bonding and lone pairs? (3)
Charge clouds that repel each other Bonding pairs - shared pair of electrons Lone pairs - unshared pair of electrons
How do electrons in an outer shell arrange themselves?
As far apart as possible to minimise repulsion
Which sort of repulsion is greatest?
Lone pair - lone pair
Which repulsion causes the greatest bond angles?
Lone pair - lone pair
Bond angles - Linear
180°
Bond angles - Trigonal Planar
120°
Bond angles - Tetrahedral
109.5°
Bond angles - Trigonal Pyramidial
107°
Bond angles - Bent (2 lone pairs)
104.5°
Bond angles - Bent (1 lone pair)
Slightly less than 120°
Bond angles - Trigonal Bipyramidial
120° / 90°
Bond angles - Seesaw
102° / 86.5°
Bond angles - T-shaped
87.5°
Bond angles - Octahedral
90°
Bond angles - Square Pyramidial
90°
Bond angles - Square Planar
90°
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond
How does a polar bond form?
When two atoms of different electronegativities are covalently bonded, the electron distribution is unsymmetrical