Chapter 2 Vocab

the basic unit of matter

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

attraction between molecules of the same substance

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions