Unit 2.5
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What is the blood circulation process?
From the heart, through the arteries, to the capillaries, to the veins and back to the heart.
What happens to blood pressure as it moves away from the heart?
It decreases.
From outer to inner layer, name the parts of the arteries.
• Connective tissue • Muscle and elastic fibres • Inner lining and endothelium • Lumen
What way to arteries carry blood?
Away from the heart.
What do the elastic walls of the arteries do?
Stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after contraction of the heart.
From outer to inner layer, name the parts of the veins.
• Connective tissue • Muscle and elastic fibres • Inner lining and endothelium • Lumen
What is different about the walls of veins compared to arteries?
They have much thinner muscular walls than arteries.
Veins contain valves. What do valves do?
Prevent blood from flowing backwards in veins where the pressure is relatively low.
What way do veins carry blood?
Towards the heart.
How do arteries undergo vasoconstriction and what effect does it have on blood flow to the area?
The lumen shrinks so less blood goes to that area and goes elsewhere in the body typically when you’re cold.
How do arteries undergo vasodilation and the effect it has on blood flow to that area?
The lumen widens meaning more blood fills that area typically when you’re warm.
What part of blood is too thick to be filtered through capillary walls?
Plasma proteins.
Where is tissue fluid formed?
The arteriole end of the capillaries.
What is the importance of tissue fluid?
It is essential for the efficient exchange of materials between the blood and cells
As blood is forced into narrow capillaries, what does it undergo?
It undergoes pressure filteration and much of the plasma is squeezed out through the thin walls into the tissue fluid surrounding the cells.
What does the tissue fluid do to the cells?
Bathes the cells, delivering oxygen and nutrients and collecting waste products.
What happens after the tissue fluid has delivered its nutrients and collected waste products?
Most is returned to the blood.
What is excess tissue collected by and where does it go?
It is collected by the lymphatic system and returned to the bloodstream as lymph
What is the order of the lymphatic system?
• Blood pressure is high and pressure filteration pushes some plasma through capillary walls into the tissue fluid. • Plasma is pushed through. • Plasma joins with tissue fluids to supply the cell with nutrients and removes waste. • Some tissue fluid returns to the blood. • Excess tissue fluid enters the lymphatic system as a lymph. • Lymph returns to circulatory system.