Natural Selection (W3-L2)

Heterozygote advantage, directional, under-dominance

Selection favors the heterozygote phenotype (bell curve)

Selection favors a specific phenotype over the others, (bell curve with tail)

Selection against heterozygote phenotype, leads to disruptive

broad definition of selection that maintains variation within the population

(Relative fitness of the genotypes)*(frequencies of the genotypes) p^2(WAA)+2pq(WAa)+q^2(Waa)

surviving # of individuals with a genotype / original # of individuals with a genotype

survival rate of specific genotype / highest survival rate across all genotypes

the magnitude of selection against a particular genotype 1-WAA 1-WAa 1-Waa

(Genotype frequency * Relative fitness) / mean fitness ex. AA : p^2WAA / Wmean

A=p^2WAA / Wmean + pqWAa/ Wmean

The study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time ordering of the diversity of nature through construction of a classification contains phylogenetic and taxonomy

The discovery, recognition, definition and naming of groups organisms grouped together into taxa with rank

taxa are assigned to a rank species name is binomial : genus/species

• does not reflect phylogeny • content of taxon is primarily an issue of convention • ranks are based on convention • there are not enough ranks

study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms resulting in a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of taxonomic groups hypothesis is represented by a phylogenetic tree of life

Eukaryokes, bacteria, archea

evolution that results in the splitting of a lineage

evolution within a lineage