Chemical Change
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What is the mass number of an atom?
Mass is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
What does the atomic number represent?
The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom, which determines the element.
What are the chemical formulas for hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids?
Hydrochloric acid: HCl Sulfuric acid: H₂SO₄ Nitric acid: HNO₃
Name three common gases and their chemical formulas.
Hydrogen: H₂ Carbon dioxide: CO₂ Oxygen: O₂
What is the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid?
When magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, it produces magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.
How can you test for the presence of hydrogen gas?
To test for hydrogen, bring a lit splint near the gas. If there’s a “pop” sound, the test is positive for hydrogen gas.
How can you test for carbon dioxide gas?
Bubble the gas through limewater. If the limewater turns cloudy, it confirms the presence of carbon dioxide.
How can you test for oxygen gas?
Insert a glowing splint into the gas. If the splint re-ignites, the gas is oxygen.
What is the electron arrangement of potassium, and how does it relate to its position on the periodic table?
Potassium has an electron arrangement of 2,8,8,1. It has one valence electron, placing it in Group 1, and uses four electron shells, placing it in Period 4.
What does Ca stand for in the periodic table
Calcium
What does K stand for in the periodic table
Potassium
What does Cl stand for in the periodic table
Chlorine
What does NE stand for in the periodic table
Neon
What does Ag stand for in the periodic table
Silver
Write a balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
Magnesium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → Magnesium chloride + Carbon dioxide + Water.
What is the name for the horizontal elements in the periodic table
Periods
What is the name for the vertical elements in the periodic table
Groups
What are the 3 substance classifications
Mixture, Compound, Elements
Define Mixture as a classification
Physical combinations of two or more substances, that can be separated by physical methods
Define Compounds as a classification
Pure substances formed when two or more elements are chemically bound in fixed ratios like water (H20)
Define Element as a classification
Pure substances consist of only one type of atom like oxygen (O), and gold (AU), and cannot be broken down further.
Give me examples of element substances
Oxygen (O), Gold (Au), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H2)
Give me examples of mixture substances
Saltwater, Air, Soil, Salad, Concrete
Give me examples of compound substances
Water ( H2O), Cabron Dioxide ( CO2), Sodium chloride (NaCI).