solid state of materials

Molecules tightly bound to each other by inter-molecular forces

no

Crystalline and Amorphous

hydrogen bonds van der Waals forces

Dipole-dipole Dipole-Induced dipole Induced-induced

yes

No long range order regular structure Thermodynamically unstable Show a “glass transition temperature” Tg (not a melting point) Typically polymers (macromolecules)

Typically made up of molecules packed in a regular defined order Thermodynamically stable Have a melting point (Mp) Typically small molecules

Each bond in crystal has equal energy to break while Many different bonds in amorphous, each requiring different energies to break

Crystal polymorphs

a grain

materials composed of multiple crystalline grains or crystals, each with its own individual orientation

for regulatory approval

the process of a substance becoming solubilized or dispersed in a solvent, forming a solution

thermodynamic quantity used to describe the total energy content of a system, including both internal energy and the energy associated with pressure and volume

concept in thermodynamics that measures the degree of disorder or randomness in a system

low enthalpy increased entropy work should be done

negative