Module 1: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

the elements that can be commonly found among organic compounds include

• “systemic approach” that can give satisfactory results in identifying elements in organic compounds using qualitative chemical reagents

CO2 is detected by __________, while the H2O is detected by anhydrous cupric sulfate

approach with the use of organs/senses (except hearing)

upon heating, the carbon and hydrogen present in the organic compound are oxidized to ________________________

CO2 reacts with Ca(OH)2 forming

these elements must be converted first into inorganic ions before proceeding to qualitative analysis → done by fusing the organic compound with the __________

• qualitative chemical tests highly rely on “organoleptic approach” through observation of test results

REACTION WITH CUPRIC OXIDE • detected by strongly heating the said substance with _____________

CO2 is detected by lime water, while the H2O is detected by ______________________

other elements such as “nitrogen, halogens, and sulfur” are “difficult to detect” in an organic compound → they __________ in solution and are “bonded covalently”

CO2 reacts with Ca(OH)2 forming CaCO3 and H2O, wherein the _____________________ due to the formation of precipitates (CaCO3)

• H2O reacts with anhydrous CuSO4 forming CuSO4 * 5 H2O, wherein the _______________ (CuSO4 * 5 H2O)

H2O reacts with anhydrous CuSO4 forming

the alkaline solution obtained by extracting the fused mass in water is called _____________

• the following reactions are created upon the fusion of the said elements with sodium metal: S + 2 Na → ?

• the following reactions are created upon the fusion of the said elements with sodium metal: C + N + Na →

• the following reactions are created upon the fusion of the said elements with sodium metal: X (Cl, Br, I) + Na → ?

SODA LIME TEST FOR AMIDE NITROGEN • if the organic compound is in the form of ___________________, heating it with _________ (NaOHand CaO) will liberate ________________ gas (characteristic pungent ammonia odor)

SODA LIME TEST FOR AMIDE NITROGEN • to confirm the presence of the said gas, a moist ________________________

SODA LIME TEST FOR AMIDE NITROGEN • the reaction involved: urea + NaOH + CaO → ??

______________is limited to organic compounds with amino (–NH2) group only, nitro (-NO2) and azo (-N=N-) compounds cannot be detected by this test

soda lime test is limited to organic compounds with _____________ , nitro (-NO2) and azo (-N=N-) compounds cannot be detected by this test

Test for Halogens