Section 2: Chemistry of the Elements
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Define isomer
Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
Name 3 indicators
Phenolphthalein, metyl orange, universal indicator
What groups of the periodic table are the following in: The halogens The alkali metals The noble gases
halogens - 7 alkali metals - 1 noble gases - 8/0
What is a group and period in the periodic table
A column is a group and a row is a period
What pH are the oxides of metals and non-metals?
Metal oxides are usually alkaline, non-metal oxides are usually acidic
Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
They have the same number of electrons on the outer shell
Why are the noble gases unreactive?
They have a full outer shell
Why are the group 1 metals so reactive?
They only have 1 electron in the outer shell. It is easy to lose this one electron so they are reactive
What are the word and balanced symbol equations for the reactions of the three group 1 metals with water?
lithium + water –>lithium hydroxide and hydrogen 2 Li(s) + 2 H20(l) –>2 LiOH (aq) + H2(g) sodium + water –> sodium hydroxide and hydrogen 2 Na(s) + 2 H20(l) –>2 NaOH (aq) + H2(g) potassium + water –>potassium hydroxide and hydrogen 2 K(s) + 2 H20(l) –>2 KOH (aq) + H2(g)
Observations for lithium reacting with water 3 things
Lithium floats, effervesence,dissolves as it reacts
Observations for sodium reacting with water (4 things)
Sodium melts into ball, moves around surface of water, effervesence, burns orange flame until it disappears
Observations for potassium reacting with water (5 things)
potassium melts into ball, floats around surface of water, ignites instantly, lilac flame with sparks, sometimes small explosion before it disappears
What is thetrend in reactivity of Group 1? Why?
As you go down the group, the elements become more reactive. This is because there more shells of electrons and the outer electron is further from the nucleus, the attraction between electron and nucleus is then weaker and therefore easier to lose
What is the charge on a group 1 ion? Why?
Group 1 metals lose 1 electron so form an ion with a single positive charge
What are the Electronic configurations of lithium, sodium and potassiumas a regular element and ion
Li Normal: 2.1 Ion: 2 Na Normal: 2.8.1 Ion: 2.8 K Normal: 2.8.8.1 Ion: 2.8.8
Give equations to show how lithium, sodium and potassium become ions?
Li –> Li+ + e- Na –> Na+ + e- K –> k+ + e-
The harder it is to extract the more/less reactive the metal is
more
A metal that is oxidised in a reaction is called the ______ agent?
Reducing
What is another name for iron (III) oxide? What conditions does iron rust in? (two things) How can rusting be prevented? (4 things)
Rust. When it is in contact with oxygen and water Galvanising, painting, coating, oiling
What type of reaction is when the more reactive metal takes a least reactive metals place in a compound? A chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into two or more smaller substances? What is a redox reaction?
Displacement Decompositon A reaction where both reduction and oxidation take place
General Equation for reacting a metal with an acid is?
Acid+Metal—>Salt+Hydrogen
Which metal is more reactive? Lithium, Copper, or Zinc?
Lithium
What are reactants in the thermite reaction?
Aluminium and iron oxide
Why does aluminium not corrode as quickly as steel and iron?
It has a protective oxide layer