6.1.2&3 - Carbonyl Compounds and -COOH

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Bond angle in carbonyl compounds

Back (Answer)

Trigonal Planar (120)

Front (Question)

How are sigma bonds formed

Back (Answer)

Direct overlap of orbitals

Front (Question)

Bonding and structure in carbonyl compounds

Back (Answer)

p-orbital overlapping sideways Forms pi-orbital

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic addn in carbonyls

Back (Answer)

Nu-H -C=O -C-O-H I Nu

Front (Question)

Boiling points of carbonyls

Back (Answer)

Ald < Alc < Acid Low –> High Ketones and aldehydes lack hydroxyl groups and so are incapable of H bond Presence of only one oxygen in alc vs. two in acid

Front (Question)

Brady’s Reagent

Back (Answer)

2,4-DNP 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine

Front (Question)

Reaction w/ Brady’s Reagent

Back (Answer)

Reacts w/ carbonyl group to form an orange ppt and water

Front (Question)

Why does Brady’s not work w/ carboxylic acids

Back (Answer)

Not electrophilic enough in comparison to ketone and aldehyde

Front (Question)

How to determine the identity of a specific carbonyl compounds

Back (Answer)

Add 2,4-DNPH and obtain orange ppt Filter, recrystallise, filter and dry Find mp of the 2,4-DNP derivative Reference to a database of values

#10

Front (Question)

Tollens Reagents

Back (Answer)

2 Ag(NH3)2 ^+ Silver nitrate dissolved in ammonia

#11

Front (Question)

Reaction w/ Tollens if an aldehyde is present

Back (Answer)

Ag+ is reduced to Ag metal and creates a silver ‘mirror’ on the side of the test tube Does not occur w/ ketones as it needs a hydrogen

#12

Front (Question)

Why is the reaction w/ Tollens redox

Back (Answer)

Ag+ is reduced to Ag and the aldehyde is oxidised to COOH RCHO + [O] —>RCOOH

#13

Front (Question)

Carboxylic acid and metal —>

Back (Answer)

Salt and H2

#14

Front (Question)

Carboxylic acid and Metal oxide —>

Back (Answer)

Salt and H2O

#15

Front (Question)

Carboxylic acid and Base —>

Back (Answer)

Salt and H2O

#16

Front (Question)

Carboxylic acid and Carbonate —>

Back (Answer)

Salt and CO2 and H2O

#17

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic addn. of aldehydes (reduction)

Back (Answer)

Aldehyde + 2[H] —> primary alcohol NaBH4/ H2O (warm)

#18

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic addn. of ketones (reduction)

Back (Answer)

Ketone + 2[H] —> secondary alcohol NaBH4/ H2O

#19

Front (Question)

What allows nucleophilic addn in carbonyls

Back (Answer)

O is more elctro-ve therefore electron density in bond lies closer to O than C C is electron-deficient and attacked by nucleophiles as they’re electron pair donors.

#20

Front (Question)

Carbonyl compounds + HCN (addn. reactions)

Back (Answer)

(H2SO4/ NaCN) C=O —-> - C- CN I I H OH

#21

Front (Question)

Why is it useful to react carbonyl compounds w/ HCN

Back (Answer)

Can increase carbon chain lengths

#22

Front (Question)

Hydroxynitriles

Back (Answer)

Cyanohydrins Have 2 functional groups -OH (hydroxyl) and C triple bond N (nitriles)

#23

Front (Question)

Nucleophilic vs Electrophilic addn

Back (Answer)

If the organic compound is an electrophile, its nucleophilic addn If the organic compound is a nucleophile, it’s electrophilic addn

#24

Front (Question)

Aldehyde and acidified dichromate —->

Back (Answer)

(Under reflux) - Carboxylic acid