Bacteria-Prokaryotic Cells DEF
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Prokaryotes
cells that do not have a nucleus
What 2 kingdoms are Prokaryotes placed under?
• Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria
What is the size of a prokaryote?
1 to 10 micrometers
Eubacteria is surrounded by a ________ that is composed of _______ and within the cell wall there is a ___ membrane
Cell wall Complex carbohydrates Cell membrane
What do some eubacteria have and what are they used for?
They have long whip like flagella that sticks out through membrane from cell wall and is used for movement
Where do Eubacteria live?
There lifestyle varies • some live in soil • some infect larger organisms and produce disease • some simple/ elaborate - contain systems of internal membranes and compartments
What are the most important type of eubacteria? What do they do?
cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria) Contain membranes that carry out light reactions of photosynthesis
Where are Eubacteria found?
Found all around the world. Often first species to recolonize the site of a natural disaster
Where do Archaebacteria live?
extremely harsh environments Ex Oxygen free environments, thick mud Salty environments Hot environments
What is the study of Gram staining?
study of chemical nature of the bacterial cell walls
What color do Gram-postive bacteria become?
PURPLE because they take up the stain crystal and violet Have bacteria cell wall with only 1 thick layer of carbohydrate and protein
What color do Gram-negative bacteria become?
RED because they take up the stain safranin Bacteria have a second cell wall with outer layer of lipids and carbohydrates
What are types of bacterial movement?
• Propelled • lash • snake • Spiral • glide • No movement
Define Phototrophic autotrophs
Bacteria that traps the energy of sunlight in a manner similar to green plants EX. some photosynthetic eubacteria
Define Chemotrophic autotrophs
Bacteria that live in harsh environments and obtain energy from inorganic molecules EX. nitrosomines uses ammonia and oxygen to produce energy
Define Chemotrophic heterotrophs
Bacteria that obtains energy by taking in organic molecules EX. most bacteria Humans are also chemotrophic heterotrophs, compete with bacteria for food sources
Define Phototrophic heterotrophs
Bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight (photosynthetic) and also need organic compounds for nutrition