Exam 3
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What are two stage of the cell cycle for actively dividing cells?
Interphase and M phase
What is one SIMILARITY between transcription and DNA replication?
Both processes involve DNA and RNA
What is one DIFFERENCE between transcription and DNA replication?
One is involved in the Central Dogma process, the other is involved in the Cell Cycle process
What are the 3 sub phases of Interphase?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
Why is a lagging strand necessary in DNA replication?
DNA is antiparallel, and both strand are used as templates, yet DNA synthesis can only process 5’ to 3’
What is true about the enzyme RNA primase?
Synthesis of RNA primers that are needed to start DNA replication
The leading strand is ______ synthesized.
continuously
What does the RNA polymerase do?
Formas phosphodiester bonds between RNA nucleotides
25% of the bases in an RNA molecules are guanine. What do you expect the % of cytosine to be?
Impossible to tell - because it is RNA
DNA replication is said to be “semi-conservative” What does that mean?
Each newly synthesized DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand
What can we assume one of DNA polymerases main functions is?
Forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides
Why do need RNA and DNA synthesis?
DNA polymerase cant start the synthesis of DNA on its own without a 3’ end to build off of
Synthesis always occurs in the ____ direction
5’ to 3’
What direction does DNA polymerase read the parent strand; which direction does it synthesize the daughter strand?
reads parent strand 3’-5’, synthesizes daughter 5’-3’
How are sister chromatids related to one another?
One is an exact replica of the other, made during S phase
What cytoskeletal elements form the contractile ring?
Actin microfilaments
What is true of mitotic cell division?
it requires that each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated during S phase in a human cell
Colchicine is a drug that blocks the assembly of microtubules. If dividing cells are treated with this drug, at what stage of mitosis would you predict the arrest would occur?
Prophase
What stage is this: tidy up messy chromosome noodle into compact X shape and start polymerizing lot of microtubules for moving chromosomes into position.
Prophase
What stage is this: Unleash the chromosomes from the nucleus, connect the to the microtubules.
Prometaphase
What stage is this: Spindle microtubules align chromosomes along a single plane in the middle of the cell.
Metaphase
What stage is this: Spindle microtubules align chromosomes along a single plant in the middle of the cell
Metaphase
In which phase are the sister chromatids separated?
Anaphase
What stage is this: Spindle microtubules break down and nuclear membrane re-forms, tucking DNA back in nucleus for safekeeping
Telophase