Topic 2 - Body Balance
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What is homeostasis?
Body’s ability to regulate and maintain a stable condition inside your body, regardless of changes to the external environment.
What does the endocrine system do? (3)
• growth and development • how your body uses energy • appetite
What does the endocrine gland secrete?
• chemical messengers called hormones
What is a hormone?
chemical messages that are secreted from glands into the blood and affect cells in another part of the body
What controls the release of hormones? eg
external stimuli - light - sound - temp internal stimuli - blood pressure - body temp
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
• receives signals from brain • master gland that signals other glands
What are the hormones of the pituitary gland?
• growth hormones • ADH (water balance)
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
• regulates metabolism and energy balance
What are the hormones of the thyroid gland?
• thyroxine (regulates body energy usage) • calcitonin (regulates calcium and phosphate in blood)
What is the role of the adrenal gland?
• release hormones that help body deal with stress • increase heart rate and blood pressue in times of fright • increase amount of energy avaliable to muscles
What are the hormones of the adrenal gland?
• cortisiol (increases mental stimulation, breaks down fat and protein to glucose) • adrenaline (stimulates heart rate, increases blood pressure, dilates pupils)
What are the hormones of the pancreas?
• insulin (causes cells to take up glucose from blood) • glucagon (causes the release of glucose from muscles and liver when blood glucose levels drop)
What is the role of the pancreas?
• regulates blood sugar levels in blood • hormones act on liver and muscles cells
What is the role of the ovary?
• normal reproductive development and fertility • release hormones that control menstrual cycle
What are the hormones of the ovary?
• oestrogen (acts of breast tissue, development of female sexual characteristics) • progesterone (acts on ovary, control menstruation in women, plays a role in pregnancy)
What is the role of the testes?
• making testosterone • producing sperm
What are the hormones of the testes?
• testosterone (development of male sexual characteristics)
What is the role of the pineal gland?
• control sleeping and waking patterns
What are the hormones of the pineal gland?
• melatonin (levels are controlled by our body clock, production is reduced by being in bright light)
What are some conditions in the body that need to keep constant?
• body temp at 37˚C • amount of water inside our body • blood sugar levels
What is the stimulus response model?
SRCERN Stimulus Receptor Control centre Effector Response Negative Feedback
What is the stimulus? eg
body temp is too low
What is the control centre? eg
hypothalamus sends message to muscles and blood vessels
What is the effector? eg
muscles start to shiver and blood vessles constrict to reduce heat loss