MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
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what are the two basic stages of the cell cycle?
interphase and mitosis
what is the difference between M phase and interphase
in interphase the cell is growing and making DNA copies in m phase the cell divides by separating its DNA and creates two new cells
what happens during the g1 phase
rapid growth
what happens during the g2 phase
manufacture of cell organelles and cell parts needed for cell division
what happens during the S phase
duplication of DNA
process of mitosis
(Interphase) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase (Cytokinesis)
what is the process of the cell cycle
interphase: g1, s phase, g2 mitosis (PMAT)
what is cytokinesis
a single cell divides into two cells; the cytoplasm becomes separated
what are the two main checkpoints in the cell cycle
g1 checkpoint and g2 checkpoint (and spindle assembly)
what should you check for in g1
cell size nutrients growth factors DNA damage
what should you check for in g2
cell size DNA replication
what should you check for when spindle fibers assemble
chromosomes attaching to spindle
what does nuclear division mean
nuclear division happens in the nucleus
what does cytoplasmic division mean
division that happens in the rest of the cell
why does DNA exist as chromatin in interphase
it gives easier access to the protein
why does DNA condense during mitosis
the DNA becomes easier to separate
what happens in prophase
nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes threadlike spindle forms between the pair of centrioles centrioles travel to opposite ends of the cell
what happens in metaphase
sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell (two sister chromosomes form double chromosomes)
anaphase
sister chromatids separate and are now considered 2 single chromosomes
telophase
centrioles and spindle fibers begin to disappear chromosomes turn back into the hard to see chromatin nuclear membrane and nucleolus re-appear
chromatin
loosely coiled DNA (only in non-dividing)
chromosomes
tightly coiled DNA (only in mitosis)
sister chromatids
exact copy of chromosomes
centromere
location where chromosomes are attached