WEEK 4 - Colorectal Cancers
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What are symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Blood in stool (and/or mucous) Disordered bowel habits (constipation/diarrhoea/both) Unsatisfied defaecation Pain or discomfort in rectum or anus Bloating, fullness, cramps Tiredness, anaemia LOW
When does bowel cancer screening occur?
50-74 years, 2nd yearly by 2020 Family Hx: 10yrs prior to youngest member being diagnosed - colonoscopy
How is bowel cancer investigated ?
Rectal examination, sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Blood test - FBE, LFT’s and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) CT, MRI (for staging), ERUS, PET scan
What are the treatment pathways for colon cancer?
Surgery Adjuvant chemotherapy Commenced as soon as patient is well enough post surgery Radiotherapy is not used as it is a risk to non cancerous tissue
What are the treatment pathways for rectal cancer?
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy Starts as soon as possible after diagnosis Ideally wait after last chemotherapeutic and commenced before surgery
What must be done in preparation for surgery?
Bowel prep Fast Improve fitness Stop smoking and drinking alcohol
What are commonly performed operations to removed bowel cancer?
Anterior resection (ULAR, low or high) \+/- stoma covering loop ileostomy APR or APE - permanent colostomy R) hemicolectomy L) hemicolectomy
Where does colon cancer/polyps commonly occur?
30% caecum 25% ascending colon 20% rectum