Chapter 22 - Periodicity
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how does sodium react with water
vigorously, floats on forface and fizzes rapidly . Forms a strongly alkaline solution. . 2Na +2H2O gives 2 NaOH+H2O
how does magnesium react with water
slowly at roomtemp, forming magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen faster when with steam, forming magnesium oxide and hydrogen
how does the ph of sodium and water compare with magnesium and water
sodium with water will have a much higher ph because the sodium hydroxide will dissociate fully while magnesium hydroxide is less soluble so it will have a lower ph s it doesnt fully dissociate.
what are the products of the reactions of p3 elements with oxygen and give their oxidation states
Na2O +1 MgO +2 Al2O3 +3 SiO2 +4 P4O10 +5 SO2 +4
why is aluminium considered unreactive
because the pure metal will oxidise in air to form a coating of aluminium oxide which is very unreactive
what kind of structure do the first 3 p3 oxides have
ionic lattice this happens because electrons from each metal are donated to oxygen so that both elements form a full outer shell and a charge the metals form cations and oxygen forms an anion which experience electrostatic attraction between the opposite charges, creating a strong metal lattice
what is special about the bonding in aluminium oxide
because aluminum forms an ion with such a large charge density, it distorts the oxygen anions electron cloud, giving the structure some covalent character
how can the ionic character of a bond be predicted
using the electronegativity of the atoms involved a large difference in electronegativity typically corresponds to a large ionic character and less covalent character
describe the structure of silicon dioxide
forms a giant covalent lattice the melting point is very high because lots of strong covalent bonds must be broken to overcome the lattice structure
describe the structure of phosphorus and sulfur oxides
they have a simple covalent structure in which an individual molecule is made of covalently bonded atoms and between molecules there are weaker intermolecular forces
describe the trend in melting and boiling points between P4O10, SO3 and SO2
P4O10 has the greatest because the molecule is the largest and thus has the biggest intermolecular forces between molecules then SO3 and then SO2, as their molecular mass decreases the intermolecular forces become easier to ovrcome
how does sodium oxide react with water
forms sodium hydroxide which dissociates into its ions to give a strongly alkaline solution
how does magnesium oxide react with water
forms magnesium hydroxide which has a low solubility so forms a weakly alkaline solution
which p3 oxides are insoluble
aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide
which p3 oxides form acidic solutions with water
phosphorus and sulfur form phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid
how does phosphorous pentoxide react with water
violently, to form phosphoric acid
how does sulfur dioxide react with water
reacts slowly to form sulfurous acid
how does sulfur trioxide react with water
violently to form sulfuric acid
give the p3 acids in order of strength
sulfuric acid, sulfuous acid, phosphoric acid
whats the general trend in the ph of the p3 oxides
go from alkaline to acidic across the period
how do sodium and magnesium oxide react with acids or bases
react with acids to give a salt and water only
how does aluminium oxide react with acids or bases and what word can be used to describe this property
aluminium oxide can react with both acids and bases and this property is described as amphoteric
how does silicon dioxide react with acids or bases
it will react as a weak acid with strong baes to form a salt and water
how does phosphorous oxide react with acids and bases
it reacts as phosphoric acid so it will form a salt and water it has 3 oh groups and each has an acidic hydrogen atom the loss of each hydrogen atom occurs in stages