4 c) Alkanes
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Alkanes
A homologous series of hydrocarbons in which all carbons are joined with single covalent bonds. Saturated compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2.
Saturated compound
A compound containing only carbon-carbon single bonds.
Structural isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.
Substitution
A reaction in which an atom or groups of atoms in a molecule is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms. (e.g. when alkanes react with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet radiation/light, the hydrogen atoms in the alkanes are replaced by halogen atoms)
Mono-substitution
A substitution reaction in which only one hydrogen atom in an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom.
Straight chain
A molecule with no branches in its molecular structure.