EAE1011 Test 3 - Long Form
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What is the definition of a mineral?
• Each mineral has its own characteristic physical properties. • Minerals are formed by natural processes. • Minerals are crystalline solids. • Minerals have definable atomic arrangements
What are some common rock forming elements?
• Mg (Magnesium) • Fe (Iron) • Na (Sodium) • O (Oxygen)
Which of the following minerals on Bowen’s Reaction Series (see Page 12 of the Lecture pdf), is the fastest to weather under surface temperature and pressure conditions? Select one: > a. Amphiboleb. Orthoclasec. Muscovited. Quartze. Olivine
The correct answer is: Olivine
Some Facts about plate margins are?
• Volcanoes are often found in association with plate margins. • Earthquakes are often found in association with plate margins. • Plate margins define the edges of lithospheric plates. • Plate margins can be convergent, divergent, or transform boundaries.
What happens at divergent plate boundaries?
• Plates move apart from each other. • The heat from the rising magma creates high topography and mid-ocean ridges. • The mantle decompresses, melts, and rises up to form new oceanic crust.
What happens at a subduction zone?
• The depth of the earthquakes generated can be plotted to image the subducting slab • Continental crust cannot subduct, as it is too buoyant. • The older, colder oceanic crust plate subducts. • Earthquakes are generated by the subducting crustal slab.
Plate tectonics has been important in the history of life on Earth because:
• Sea levels have changed as a result of plate tectonic movements • Environmental stress can cause new species to evolve. • As plates move, different environmental niches are formed. • Increasing the number of continents increases biodiversity.
In the lithosphere associated with trenches and subduction zones:
• Melting of the asthenosphere just below the lithosphere. • Formation and erosion of a magmatic arc, and formation of an accretionary wedge. • Subduction of oceanic crust. • Formation of plutons and metamorphism of surrounding crust.
Nicaragua is an example of a:
• A location that gold has been deposited by a volcanic arc setting • An area of high risk for earthquakes • A location where heat associated with magma can be used to generate electricity. • A volcanic arc setting.
If you compare the Earth and the Moon, the reason that you see meteorite craters on the Moon and not on the Earth is because:
• Earth has an atmosphere, while the Moon does not. • Earth has erosional forces that affect its surface. • Earth has plate tectonics, while the Moon does not.
In the Rock Cycle:
• Igneous rocks are formed when magmas, lavas, and melts cool and crystallise. • Sedimentary rocks are often formed in horizontal layers. • Metamorphic rocks are formed when new minerals form in existing rocks due to changes in pressure and/or temperature. • All processes associated with the rock cycle can be found in association with plate tectonic settings.
Barbados is an example of:
• An uplifted accretionary prism. • An island made up of sediments derived from the Andes
In Mountains:
• Rocks are eroded. • Rocks are weathered. • Rocks are transported to rivers, lakes, and oceans. • Rocks are compressed to form topographic high points.