Week 2
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human microbiota and antibiotics
oft disrupt the commensal bac allows pathogens to take over and damage mucosa
strong barriers
skin, hair, nails
weak barriers
mucosal membranes can trap pathogens
innate immune response
prod state of inflammation at sites of infection by releasing cytokines and causing vasodilation
innate IR strategy (complement prot)
complement protein cleaved by protease, large fragment marks pathogen while smaller fragment activates phagocytes
selection of lymphocytes via pathogens
progenitor generates a lymphocyte that prod only 1 type of cell-surface receptor once exposed to a matching antigen, it is stim to prod more and differentiate
healthy human infection curve
initial ^ in pathogen load, quickly cleared by i.s immunity covered by breastmilk and placental bld in neonates and fetus
lacking adaptive immunity infection curve
suffer chronic infections tx w Ig infusions and hematopoietic SC transplants
lacking innate immunity infection curve
pathogen grows uncontrollably, leads to death
hematopoietic stem cells
cell renewal in adults reside in BM
tissue resident macrophages origin
generated in fetal yolk sac
hematopoietic derived monocytes
similar to tissue resident macrophages enter tissue from bld
myeloid precursor lineage
neutrophils (granulocyte) eosinophil (granulocyte) basophil (granulocyte) mast cells circulating monocytes dendritic cells
lymphoid precursor lineage
B-cells T-cells NK cells innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
small lymphocytes
differentiate into T-cells, B-cells and NK cells
plasma cells
terminally differentiated B-cell that prod and secretes antibodies
NK-cells
from ILC precursor, kills virus-infected cells
monocyte
largest leukocyte differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells influence adaptive immunity tissue repair f(x)
neutrophils
PMN most abundant, stain neutral-pink
basophil
PMN control parasite IR stain dark blue
eosinophil
PMN kills parasites, very rare stain bright red
macrophages
surround and kill MO removed dead cells stim other immune cells
dendritic cells
capture, process and present antigens to adaptive i.s cells mediate polarization into other effector cells
mast cells
release histamine to promote inflammation