Phylogenetic

The oldest Common Ancestor

Where Species brand off from a common ancestor

The most closest related ex: (A & B, E To A, B, C, D)

Common Ancestor and all of the descendants, this can be determined by the number of nodes. Any group from any node

Includes Some but not all descendants of a common ancestor. (A taxa not included even though it is attached to a node)

Don’t share a recent common ancestor but rather an older one

A trait that makes an organism more suited to its environment

With the least evolution so that means the most likely phylogeny

The process in which organisms better adapt to their environment and are able to survive and reproduce better(leads to evolution, and is not based on need)

Occurs when a species is unable to adapt quickly to its environment(process of elimination)

Population stabilizes a particular trait, one trait is favored instead of two extreme traits (ex: Common weight at birth)

an extreme (characteristics or traits) is favored over other phenotypes and this causes the allele frequency (how often the variant of a gene shows up in a population) (ex: Both short and long necks in giraffes but the long necks won to reach higher trees

Both extreme traits are favored over a regular stabilized trait (ex: Extremely long or short is favored over medium)

Organisms that are not closely related have similar features or traits (ex: Wings on bats vs birds)

Invertebrates with jointed legs. Often insects, spiders or centipedes, arachnids. Invertebrates don’t have backbones.

• Exoskeletons- A hard outerlayer that protects the soft tissues • Segments-One pair of legs per segment

An invertebrate that has 12 pairs of legs Head distinct with antennae Has 2 pair of legs per segment

A centipede is an invertebrate with 1 pair of legs per segment

An invertebrate with two body parts and 8 legs

Scorpions are invertebrates with venomous curved tails

Insects are invertebrates with 3 body parts(head, thorax, abdomen) 6 legs 1 pair of antennas and some wings

A spider is an invertebrate with venomous fangs.

Metamorphosis is the change through life 4 life stages egg, larva, pupa and adult