Atomic Structure and Atomic Bonding
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It is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.[1] The terms “biomimetics” and “biomimicry” derive from Ancient Greek: βίος (bios), life, and μίμησις (mīmēsis), imitation, from μιμεῖσθαι (mīmeisthai), to imitate, from μῖμος (mimos), actor. A closely related field is bionics.
Biomimetics or biomimicry
WHY STUDY Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding?
the type of bond allows us to explain a material’s properties
is a poor conductor of electricity
diamond
is a good conductor of electricity
graphite
consists of a very small nucleus composed of protons and neutrons and is encircled by moving electrons
atom
number of protons in the nucleus
atomic number (Z)
sum of the masses of protons and neutrons (N) within the nucleus
atomic mass (A)
Both electrons and protons are electrically charged, the charge magnitude being
1.602 × 10^-19 𝐶
how protons and electrons balance out
Net charge
elements have two or more different atomic masses
Isotopes
may be used to compute atomic weight.
atomic mass unit (amu)
defined as 1/12 of the atomic mass of the most common isotope of carbon
1 amu
1 amu/atom (or molecule) =
1 g/mol
Dictate the number of state within each subshell of Bohrs energy level which is separated into electron subshells
Quantum Numbers
may take on integral values beginning with unity
Principal quantum number n
designates the subshell or sublevel
The second (or azimuthal) quantum number, l
The number of electron orbitals for each subshell is determined by the
third (or magnetic) quantum number, mL
are those that occupy the outermost shell. These electrons are extremely important; as will be seen, they participate in the bonding between atoms to form atomic and molecular aggregates. Furthermore, many of the physical and chemical properties of solids are based on these
valence electrons
How two isolated atoms interact as they are brought close together from an infinite separation
Bonding Forces and Energies
the sum of both attractive and repulsive components;
net force FN
net force FN formula
FN = FA + FR where; FA = attractive force FR = repulsive force
rO is approximately
0.3 nm = 0.000,000,003 meters
he established that matter is consist of indivisible atoms. toms are arrange in different combination to make different compounds
Dalton’s model
Atom are not indivisible, he discovered that atom have electrons which is much smaller than atom He proposed that if you split atom in half, you will find tiny electrons stuck inside on it. The positive and negative charge are distributed
Sir Joseph John Thomson