Lesson 2.4: Oral Conditions and Injuries
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What is oral pathology
The study of diseases that affect the mouth
Inflammation of the gingiva
Gingivitis
Signs and symptoms of plaque-induced gingivitis
• Swelling (edema) • Redness • Increased heat • Loss of stippled appearance • Bleeding • Occasional pain
Causes of plaque-induced gingivitis
Plaque and calculus formation due to: • Improper brushing • Flossing • Mouth breathing
Characteristics of plaque-induced gingivitis
• Gingiva appears shiny due to the added fluid 2. Bright red from increased blood flow due to the swelling of the gingival margin
Treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis
Completely remove the supragingival and subgingival irritants through oral prophylaxis (teeth cleaning) and oral hygiene instructions
Types of Hormonal-influenced Gingival Disease
• Puberty-associated gingivitis • Pregnancy-associated gingivitis • Menstrual cycle gingivitis
Characteristics of Hormonal-influenced Gingival Disease
Gingiva having an exaggerated response to plaque, reflected by: • Intense inflammation • Redness • Edema • Enlargement of the gingiva with no bone loss at the time
This is also known as “Trenchmouth” or “Vincent’s Disease”
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)
A bacterial infection where the tissue of the interdental papilla is dead or dying
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)
This name came into effect in WWI when soldiers who were down fox holes and trenches didn’t have access to basic oral hygiene aids to take care of their teeth, causing disease.
Trenchmouth
Causes of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
• Prolonged poor oral hygiene • Poor nutrition • Fatigue • Emotional Stress
Characteristics of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
• Malaise • Severe bad breath • Gray or yellow-gray ulcers • Difficult brushing or chewing • Highly inflamed gingiva that bleeds easily • Fever
An indefinite feeling of debility or lack of health often indicated of or accompanying the onset of an illness
Malaise
Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
• Reassure the patient • Doctor may also prescribe antibiotics within 24 to 48 hours • Gentle debridement (removing the worst of the plaque and calculus) once acute inflammation has subsided • A mouth rinse, such as Chlorhexidine • Proper rest, diet, and exercise • Elimination of smoking, carbonated drinks, and alcoholic beverages advised • Home care instructions are given and the patient re-appointed a follow-up
Cause of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement
Result from systemic drug use (a systemic drug affects a specific system of the body)
Mouth-breathing and heredity can aggravate this condition
Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement
Characteristics of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement
Gingiva that looks fibrous, but there is no redness or pain present
Treatment of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement
Surgical excision of the extra tissues
Who is able to surgically excise extra tissue caused by Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement
A dentist
Inflammation of the gingiva that involves the crest of the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament above the alveolar crest
Periodontitis
Cause of Periodontitis
Untreated marginal gingivitis
Inflammation of the gingiva around a partially erupted tooth; pathogens and plaque get underneath the flap causing an infection
Pericoronitis
Pericoronitis usually affects which tooth
Mandibular third molars