Unit 4 Review
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Which phylum of bacteria has the largest metabolic diversity and the highest significance in medicine/ agriculture/ industry?
proteobacteria
Describe the metabolic diversity in proteobacteria
I. Aerobic: need oxygen II. Anaerobic: don’t need oxygen III. Microaerophilic: need O2, but in lower levels than what’s present in the atmosphere A. Chemolithotrophs: oxidation of inorganic compounds for energy B. Chemoorganotrophs: obtains energy from the oxidation of reduced organic compounds C. Phototrophs: use light as energy
Based on 16S r RNA, Proteobacteria can be divided into 6 classes:
• Alphaproteobacteria • Betaproteobacteria • Gammaproteobacteria • Deltaproteobacteria • Epsilonproteobacteria • Zetaproteobacteria
Give 4 examples of alphaproteobacteria
• Phodopseudomonas • Nitrobacter These are both rhizobia (plant symbionts) • Rickettsia: obligate intracellular parasite • Wolbachia: metabolically specialized to use glutamate or glutamine as energy source
Rickettsia rickettsii and Wolbachia pipientis are in which group of proteobacteria? Give some info about each
alphaproteobacteria Rickettsia rickettsii= commonly called Rocky Mountain spotted fever (intracellular parasite) Wolbachia pipientis= colonizes insect egg. Metabolically specialized to use glutamate or glutamine as energy source
Neisseriales are __proteobacteria
beta
Neisseriales meningitidis is a ____proteobacteria that causes:
beta potentially fatal inflammation of the membranes lining the brain
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a __proteobacteria, and is the causative agent of ____
beta gonorrhea
Methylophilales are __proteobacteria.
beta
Nitrosomonadales are __proteobacteria
beta
__proteobacteria are the largest and most diverse class of proteobacteria
gamma
gammaproteobacteria are well-known ____ and are commonly referred to as “___ bacteria”
pathogens enteric
T/F All gammaproteobacteria do fermenation (no oxygen involved): substrate level phosphitylation (SLP)
true
Escherichia coli is a __proteobacteria that has a nutritional role in the intestinal tract (Vitamin K). - helps oxygen consumption in __ (makes it anoxic) - has ____ strains that can cause urinary tract infections etc
gamma gut pathogenic
Enterobacter aerogenes is a __proteobacteria. - found in water and _____ - In intestinal tract - Causes _____ infections
gamma sewage urinary
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a ___proteobacteria. - Found in soils and ____ (occasionally in humans) - Fixes ___, which is unique in enteric bacteria
gamma water N2
Salmonella is a ___proteobacteria - Is it always pathogenic? - Causes ____ fever and gastroenteritis
gamma Yes! typhoid
Proteus is a ___proteobacteria. - Has highly __ cells - Produces the enzyme “_______” - causes ___ infections
gamma motile urease urinary tract
Shigella dysenteriae is a ___proteobacteria. - It contains ____ - Invades ____ cells - Excretes a ___toxin - Causes acute GIT distress
gamma endotoxin epithelial neuro
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ___proteobacteria - It’s often found in people who: - Is it known to be resistant to antibiotics?
gamma very common in people receiving treatment after burns/ skin issues. Also found in people with cystic fibrosis • Yes, very resistant to antibiotics. B/c of R plasmid
Vibrio cholerae is the cause of the disease _____ in humans
cholera
Deltaproteobacteria consist of 4 main groups:
• sulfate reducers • sulfur reducers • iron reducers • predator bacteria
List 4 famous deltaproteobacteria
bdellovibrio myxococcus desulfovibrio geobacter
Give 2 famous genera of epsilonproteobacteria
• helicobacter • campylobacter