Module 3 Chemical Reactions
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What are 6 reaction types?
• Acid/Base • Substitution • Elimination • Addition • REDOX • Isomerization
Transfer of protons from one species to another
Acid/Base Reaction
Switching one group for another
Substitution
Removing a group completely from the molecule
Elimination
Adding a group to the molecule
Addition
Changing the oxidation state of a group on a molecule
REDOX
Rearrangement of groups within the same molecule
Isomerization
What are 3 reaction components?
• Nucelophile • Electrophile • Catalysts
What can receive electrons to form new bonds. They are electron poor species.
Electrophile Carbocations, carbonyl groups, alkenes, alkynes
What are electron rich species? Examples?
Nucleophile Anions, heteroatoms with lone pair electrons, alkenes, alkynes
What is used to help increase the rate at which a reaction occurs?
Catalyst
________ donate electrons.
Nucleophile
_______ receive eletrons
Electrophile
Neutral to negative the atom is an ______
Electrophile
Neutral to positive, the atom is an ______
Nucleophile
Name the 3 substitution reactions
• Nucleophilic • Aromatic • Acyl
Is an alkene a nucleophile or electrophile?
It can be both, just depends on the reaction.
What is oxidation? What is reduction?
Oxidation is loss of electrons (H+) or increase in the number of bonds to O or N. Reduction is gain of electron (H+) or decrease in the number bonds to O or N.
What are the 6 classes of enzymes?
• Transferase • Hydrolase • Oxidoreductase • Lyase • Ligase • Isomerase
Enzyme that transfer functional groups
Transferase
Enzyme that breaks bonds using water (hydrolysis)
Hydrolase
Enzyme that catalyze REDOX reactions
Oxidoreductase
Enzyme that catalyze elimination reactions
Lyase
Enzyme that joins two molecules together
Ligase