Acids and Bases Chemical Properties
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When an acid reacts with a base we called these what type of reactions?
Neutralisation reactions
Why are these called neutralisation reactions?
The products have a pH of 7
When an acid is in solution, it releases what ions?
H+ ions
When a base is in solution, it releases what ions?
OH- ions
If a dilute alkali is added to a dilute acid with universal indicator in a beaker, describe the sequence of colour changes until no more colour changes occur.
Red –> Orange –> Yellow –> Green –> Blue –> Purple
Describe the general word equation when an acid reacts with a base/alkali that ends in oxide or hydroxide.
Acid + Base –> Metal Salt + Water
Describe the general word equation when an acid reacts with a base/alkali that ends in carbonate or hydrogen carbonate.
Acid + Base –> Metal Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Describe one common observation you would make when an alkali was used to neutralise an acid with universal indicator.
The universal indicator would turn from red to green
Describe what observation you could make to tell you if the base used to neutralise the acid was an oxide/hydroxide or a carbonate/hydrogen carbonate.
The reaction with the carbonate/hydrogen carbonate would produce fizzing/bubbling because carbon dioxide is produced.
If a solid base was added to the acid, what other observation could you make AND why?
The solid was disappear because a new product called a metal salt was formed and it is soluble in water.
How could you get a pure metal salt when an base was added to an acid?
Use universal indicator and stop adding the base when the indicator turns green because it is neutralised. Then heat the solution to evaporate the water and leave the pure metal salt.
What type of metal salts does hydrochloric acid form?
Chloride
What type of metal salts does sulfuric acid form?
Sulfate
What type of metal salt does nitric acid form?
Nitrate
How could you test if the gas produced in a neutralisation reactions was carbon dioxide and what would you expect to see?
Use limewater and it would turn cloudy
What products would be formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
sodium chloride + water
What products would be formed when sulfuric acid reacts with magnesium oxide?
magnesium sulfate + water
What products would be formed when nitric acid reacts with zinc carbonate?
zinc nitrate + water + carbon dioxide
What products would be formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with aluminium hydrogen carbonate?
aluminium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
Why does hydrochloric acid form chloride salts?
When it HCl reacts, the compound dissociates (splits apart) into H+ ions and Cl- ions. The H+ ions help form the water the the Cl- ion joins up with the metal ion from the base to form a metal chloride salt.
Why does nitric acid form nitrate salts?
When it HNO3 reacts, the compound dissociates (splits apart) into H+ ions and NO3- ions. The H+ ions help form the water the the NO3- ion joins up with the metal ion from the base to form a metal nitrate salt.
What pH do metal salts have?
7 - all products are neutral
If a person wanted to make copper sulfate, what acid would they use as a reactant?
Sulfuric
If a person wanted to make copper sulfate, name all the bases that they could use as a reactant?
Copper oxide, copper hydroxide, copper carbonate, copper hydrogen carbonate