Topic 2 - Cells

A form of immunity provided by the immune response of the body upon detection of a pathogen

The active movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher concentration (up their concentration gradient) with the use of energy in the form of ATP

The clumping together of cells or particles caused by antibodies which assists phagocytosis

A protein found in the blood that is produced by plasma cells which binds to antigens as a part of the immune response

Marker molecules that can be detected by antibodies and trigger an immune response

The method of cell division used by prokaryotes involving replication of the circular DNA and plasmids followed by cytoplasmic division

The series of stages preparing the cell for division consisting of interphase and mitosis.

A phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds cells and separates them from their environment

A membrane bound structure found in plant cells that contains cell sap

A permeable layer that surrounds plant, algae and fungi cells made of polysaccharides which provides strength to the cell.

An organelle found in plants and algae that is the site of photosynthesis.

The production of many genetically identical daughter cells through cell division of the activated B or T lymphocyte after clonal selection.

The process of matching the antigens on an antigen presenting cells with the antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes

A method of membrane transport where two substances are both transported across a membrane at the same time either in the same direction or opposite directions

Division of the cytoplasm to produce two new cells

The passive movement of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient) through transport proteins without the use of energy

A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement.

A model that describes membrane structure as a sea of mobile phospholipids studded with various proteins

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins.

A type of T cell in the immune system that stimulates cytotoxic T cells, B cells and phagocytes

A type of disease immunity that occurs when a large proportion of a population are vaccinated against a disease which prevents the spread of the disease to unvaccinated individuals.

A virus that attacks T cells in the immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme.

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