Module 4 - [ch16] (organic synthesis)
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why are organic reactions often heated
occur slowly at room temperature heated to overcome activation energy and increase rate of reaction
why are many organic reactions heated under reflux
to be able to prepare an organic liquid without boiling off the solvent, reactants or products enables a liquid to be continually boiled prevents volatile components from escaping and the flask boiling dry
what is distillation
a common method used to separate a pure liquid from its impurities
purifying organic products
water is sometimes obtained along with product 2 layers of product formed separating funnel
how can you remove traces of water left in organic product
drying agent
what is drying agent
anhydrous inorganic salt that readily takes up water to become hydrated
what are the most common drying agents
anhydrous : calcium chloride drying hydrocarbons calcium sulfate magnesium sulfate
what is a target molecule
the compound that the chemist is attempting to prepare by organic synthesis
___________________ O // --- C \ OH
CARBOXYLIC ACID
___________________ O || --- C --- C --- C ---
KETONE
___________________ O // --- C \ H
ALDEHYDE
___________________ O // --- C \ O --- C
ESTER