Chenistry - How Fast?
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What is the rate of reaction?
The rate at which a reactant is used up, or the rate at which a product is formed.
What are factors that affect the rate of reaction?
Temperature, concentration, pressure of reacting gases, surface area and the use of catalysts
What is collision theory?
The theory that chemical reactions can only happen if particles collide with enough energy and in the right direction.
What are 2 ways to measure the rate of reaction?
• Measure the rate at which a reactant is used up • Measure the rate at which a product is formed
What is the formula to measure the rate of reaction?
RoR = reactant used / product formed DIVIDE BY time taken
What happens if the temperature is increased?
• the reactant particles move more quickly • they have more energy • the particles collide more often
What is a catalyst?
A substance that can increase the rate of a reaction without being used up itself
How does a catalyst speed up the rate of reaction?
It provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy,
What is the effect of Pressure/Concentration
The reactant particles become more crowded and there is a greater chance of particles colliding, leading to an increase of the rate of reaction.
What happens when a solid reactant gets broken up into smaller pieces
• its surface area increases • more particles are exposed to the other reactant • there are more collisions The rate of reaction increases.
What 2 things does the rate of reaction measure?
• how fast a reactant is used up • how fast a product is created
Why does raising the temperature increase the rate of reaction?
It causes the molecules to move faster and collide more often.
What is the 10oC rule?
For every 10oC rise in the temperature, the rate of reaction doubles.
What is the activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy needed for particles to react.
Why does an increase in concentration speed up a reaction?
Particles have a higher chance of colliding with each other
What equipment can be used to measure the mass of a product?
Balance
How do we know when a reaction is completed?
There are no reactants left
How can a reaction be followed
Amount of product formed or reactant used