1.3 Network Protocols and Layers

IP address is a unique address assigned to each device in a network.

In IPv4, each device is assigned a 32-bit address. Whereas in IPv6, each device is assigned a 128-bit address.

IP addresses assigned by a network administrator, which remain unused when the device is not in use is static IP addressing.

IP addresses assigned by DHCP, which can be reused when the device is not in use is dynamic IP addressing.

Source, destination, packet sequence, data and error checking.

HTML, XML and CSS

A protocol that is a secured form of http. It is used in banking websites.

CSS is used to edit the appearance of the HTML components such as buttons, text boxes, etc.

SMTP, POP3 and IMAP.

Application layer Transport layer Internet layer Link layer

This layer is responsible for ensuring that the data supplied by the sender from his application can be viewed at the receiver’s end using his application.

Segmentation, sending acknowledgements ,requesting retransmission in case of missed packets determining the communication protocol, size of packets and data speed.

Identifies sender’s and receiver’s addresses. Routes the data packet from sender to receiver.

Error detection, hardware addressing, media access control and defining physical layer standards.

This information will be used by the receiver to process the data packets and retrieve the information correctly.

Encapsulation is the process of adding information to data in each layer of TCP/IP stack