Unit 1-Acids & Bases
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What does pH tell you?
How acidic or alkaline a solution is
What range does the pH scale cover?
It runs from below 0 to above 14
What is the ion balance in a neutral solution?
Equal concentrations of H+ (aq) and OH-(aq)
What pH does a neutral solution have?
pH 7
What ion concentration is higher in an acidic solution?
H+ (aq) is greater than OH-(aq)
What ion concentration is higher in an alkaline solution?
OH- (aq) is greater than H+(aq)
Why is water neutral?
It dissociates into equal numbers of H+ (aq) and OH-(aq) ions
What is the dissociation equation for water?
H2O (l) ⇌ H+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
What does the ⇌ symbol mean?
The reaction is reversible and occurs in both directions
Do many water molecules dissociate at once?
No, only a very small proportion
What happens to H+ concentration when an acid is diluted?
H+ concentration decreases and pH increases towards 7
What happens to OH- concentration when an alkali is diluted?
OH- concentration decreases and pH decreases towards 7
How are acidic solutions formed?
Soluble non‑metal oxides dissolve in water
How are alkaline solutions formed?
Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water to form metal hydroxides
What type of substances have no effect on pH?
Insoluble substances
What is a base?
A substance that neutralises an acid to form a salt and water
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water
What ion do all acids contain?
H+ (aq)
What acid is represented by HCl?
Hydrochloric acid
What ion do all alkalis contain?
OH-(aq)
What acid is represented by H2SO4?
Sulfuric acid
What alkali is represented by NaOH?
Sodium hydroxide
What acid is represented by HNO3?
Nitric acid
What acid is represented by Ca(OH)2?
Calcium hydroxide