Wk9- The Lymphatic System
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The lymphatic system: Comprised of Organs/tissues/nodes/vessels and lymph fluid What are the three functions? • Drain excess i- fluid • Transport dietary - • Facilitate i- response (spleen)
• Interstitial fluid • Lipids • Immune
Lymphatic tissue /Organs/nodes/vessels To? Thy? L- nodes 600 Sp? Ly- tissue and vessels Heart St? Large and small -
Tonsils Thymus Lymph nodes Spleen Lymphatic tissue Stomach Intestines
Primary lymphatic organs: Producing ?competent cells ? B? marrow Thy?
Immuno competent Red bone Thymus
Secondary lymphatic organs : The majority of immune response occurs in Lymph - s? ? Nodules
Nodes spleen Lymphatic
Lymph nodes: - shape -00 Lymph flows through n- in - direction Acts as a f- for waste Facilitates anti- Large numbers of - cells and - cells Involved in A- immunity
Bean 600 Nodes , 1 direction Filter Antigen T cells B cells Adaptive
The spleen: Great mass of lymphatic tissue White pulp= ly? Ma? and dendritic cells (- and - cells) Red pulp= blood filled veinous si?
Lymphocytes , macrophages (T and B cells) Veinous sinuses
Innate immunity: 1st and 2nd line defence Present at birth General in action • First line= barrier, prevents entry (skin/ sa?/ mu? membranes • Second line =inflammation and - , antimicrobial pr? and white blood cells
• Skin, saliva, mucous 2. Fever, antimicrobial proteins
Innate immunity: 2nd line Phagocytes: N- and m- Free circulation and migration via ? Attracted to ? area Adheres to microbe and ? Merge with lysosomes and ? Produce oxidants superoxide and ??
Neutrophils, macrophages Chemotaxis Infested Ingests Digest hydrogen peroxide
Innate immunity: 2nd line Inflammation= mast cells Causes pain= r? h? s? 3 stages 1. Vaso- and increased permeability of - - (h-) 2. Phagocytes accumulate via - 3. Enhanced t? repair
Redness, heat, swelling • Vasodilation , blood vessels (histamine) • Chemotaxis • Tissue
Innate immunity: 2nd line Fever: Increased core temperature , greater than --degrees Caused by pyro? Hypothalamus increases h? Inhibits bacteria/ virus Increases effects of Int? Increases metabolic ? to r?
38 degrees Pyrogens Heat Interferons Rate,repair
2nd line : interferons Antimicrobial proteins released by cells upon infection Destroys viral re? Reduce p- synthesis Destroys --- in cells Major defence against - infection
Replication Protein RNA Viral
The complement system: -0 plasma proteins in li? activated to complement immune response. Increases inf? releases basophils and m- cells Bind and facilitate =ph? Form membrane attack in plasma membrane= ly?
30 , liver Inflammation , mast cells Phagocytosis Lysis
Natural killer cells: 2nd line 5 to– % of lymphocytes in blood Bloodhounds: sniff out de? cells and d? Release p- (perforate cell) and g- (digesting enzymes and death cells)
10% Defective , destroy Perforins Granzymes