Chapter 6: Chemistry and Matter
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What is the definition of chemistry?
the organized study of the composition and interactions of matter
What type of substances are composed of a single type of atom?
elements
What type of substances are composed of more than one type of atom linked together?
compounds
What is the term for the unique abbreviation given to each elements?
chemical symbol
Atoms are composed of still smaller particles called?
subatomic particles
Every atom has a dense central core called?
the nucleus
What are nucleons?
subatomic particles found in atomic nuclei
Which type of nucleons have a positive charge?
protons
What is the number of protons in the nucleus called?
the atom’s atomic number
Which type of nucleon has no electrical charge
the neutron
Atoms that are the same element but have different numbers of neutrons are what?
isotopes
Protons and neutrons are composed of even smaller particles called?
quarks
What is the third component of an atom that is found outside the nucleus?
electron
What is the electron shell?
the layer of electrons around an atom’s nucleus
An atom that has an electrical charge because of losing or gaining electrons is?
an ion
What are negative ions called?
anions
What are positive ions called?
cations
What is the definition of mass number?
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
The masses of atoms are measured by?
atomic mass units
What does the quantum theory state?
that tiny particles do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow
Which type of model pictures the nucleus surrounded by electrons that move in circular orbits at specific energy levels?
the Bohr model
which type of model describes electrons as waves around the nucleus?
the wave-mechanical model
What does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle state?
that the velocity and position of an electron cannot be measured at the same time
According to this model, the mathematical equations of the wave-mechanical model represent the probability of finding an electron at a given point. What is the model?
the electron-cloud model