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B3.2 - Alkanes

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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#1
Front (Question)

Define alkanes

Back (Answer)

alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons containing single C-C and C-H bonds

#2
Front (Question)

What type of bonds to alkanes contain?

Back (Answer)

C-C sigma bond

#3
Front (Question)

What is a sigma bond?

Back (Answer)

End on end overlap of two s- orbitals Type of covalent bond

#4
Front (Question)

What can happen around a sigma bond?

Back (Answer)

act as axes around which atoms can rotate freely

#5
Front (Question)

Explain the shape and bond angle around each carbon atom in terms of electron pair repulsion.

Back (Answer)

3D tetrahedral 109.5

#6
Front (Question)

Explain the variations in boiling points of alkanes with different carbon chain lengths

Back (Answer)

increased chain length greater surface area of contact stronger London forces

#7
Front (Question)

Why do alkanes have a relatively low reactivity?

Back (Answer)

high bond enthalpies of C-C and C-H bonds very low polarity of the sigma bonds present

#8
Front (Question)

What are the dangers of carbon monoxide?

Back (Answer)

toxic and odourless gas which can cause dizziness, loss of consciousness and death - CO binds to haemoglobin - instead of oxygen and carbon dioxide

#9
Front (Question)

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

Back (Answer)

Carbon monoxide and water Carbon and water

#10
Front (Question)

What are the different types of bond fission?

Back (Answer)

Homolytic bond fission Heterolytic bond fission

#11
Front (Question)

Define homolytic bond fission.

Back (Answer)

splitting of a bond to form two radicals

#12
Front (Question)

Define heterolytic bond fission.

Back (Answer)

splitting of a bond where one of the bonding atoms receives both electrons from the shared pair

#13
Front (Question)

What is the name of the reaction of alkanes with chlorine and bromine?

Back (Answer)

Radical substitution

#14
Front (Question)

What conditions are required for radical substitution?

Back (Answer)

UV

#15
Front (Question)

What are the mechanical steps for radical substitution?

Back (Answer)

Initiation Propagation Termination

#16
Front (Question)

What are the limitations of radical substitution?

Back (Answer)

Impurities Further substitution substitution of different carbon atoms

#17
Front (Question)

State the main natural source of alkanes.

Back (Answer)

crude oil

#18
Front (Question)

Explain why only a tiny amount of Cl radical is required to convert large amounts of reactants into products.

Back (Answer)

Cl radical generated during propagation

#19
Front (Question)

Define the term radical

Back (Answer)

Species with an unpaired electron

#20
Front (Question)

define the term mechanism

Back (Answer)

Series of steps by which a reaction occurs

#21
Front (Question)

What are the common uses of CH4, C3H8, C4H10?

Back (Answer)

gas, used in domestic fuel

#22
Front (Question)

What are the common uses of C5H12-C9H20?

Back (Answer)

petrol, used in cars

#23
Front (Question)

What are the common uses of C10H22-C16H34?

Back (Answer)

kerosene, used in aircraft

#24
Front (Question)

What are the common uses of C12H26-C20H42?

Back (Answer)

diesel, used in cars and lorries