Languages and Translators

A language that is programmer friendly. It is easy for humans to understand, debug and maintain

Needs a compiler or interpreter to translate into machine code

Python JavaScript C# C++ Ruby

Hardware independent; can run on any system and are easily portable from one device to another Little to no hardware knowledge is required to write programs Syntax very similar to English language, therefore easier to write, understand and debug

Not memory efficient -> consumes more memory than LL languages Must be compiled/interpreted before it can be run

A language that is machine-friendly. It is difficult for humans to understand, but easy for a machine to interpret

Needs an assembler for direct translation of the language instructions

Machine language Assembly language

Memory efficient Execute very quickly

Hard for humans to read and knowledge of hardware is a prerequisite to write programs Very machine-dependent and not portable between different devices

Binary representation of instructions in a format that the CPU can decode and execute

Compiler Interpreter Assembler

Translates assembly language into machine code Converts basic commands and operations into binary code that can be understood by a specific type of processor

Programs written in machine language can be replaced with mnemonics Memory efficient Speed of execution is faster Hardware-oriented

Takes a long time to write the program and it is difficult to remember syntax Lack of portability between computers of different makes can not have the same assembler

Translates source code from HL languages into object code and then machine code The whole program is translated into machine code before it is run After compilation, the compiler provides an error report for the whole code

No need for translation when running Speed of execution is faster than interpreted code Provides an executable file so that the original code doesn’t need to be compiled again

The program will not run with syntax error, which makes it more difficult to write long code Code needs to be recompiled when it is changed

Translates source code from HL languages into machine code The program is translated line by line as it runs Stops execution as soon as an error is found

Easy to write source code, as the program will always stop when it finds a syntax error Code does not need to be recompiled when code is changed Easier for beginner programmers to learn to code

The interpreter must be installed to run the program Takes longer to execute as the instruction is translated before it is executed Source code will be interpreted every time it is run

Python and JavaScript

C# and VB