B1

Carry oxygen around the body Biconcave shape increases surface area Very small, allows passage through small capillaries

To contract to allow movement Lots of mitochondria release a lot of energy by respiration

Projection/extension increases surface area for more absorption No chloroplasts, no light, no photosynthesis Lots of mitochondria release energy to absorb more minerals

To absorb light for photosynthesis Lots of chloroplasts to absorb energy for maximum photosynthesis

Many mitochondria to release energy in order to move towards the egg Acrosome to release enzymes which digest the egg cell membrane Haploid nucleus which contains 50% of genetic material

Haploid nucleus which contains 50% of genetic material Large cytoplasm which contains many mitochondria and nutrients to support the developing embryo Jelly coat to protect the DNA inside of the cell, it hardens after one sperm enters to prevent multiple from entering (prevents polyspermy)

Cilia (microscopic hairs) moves dust and bacteria out of the airways away from the lungs Produces mucus which traps dust and bacteria

A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains DNA and controls the activities within the cell

A jelly-like, semi-fluid material that fills the inside of all cells in which chemical reactions occur at

A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells which acts as the site for aerobic respiration in order to release energy for the cell

Tiny organelles found in all living cells which is responsible for protein synthesis

A thin, flexible, partially-permeable barrier found in all living cells in which controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

A cell which contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, it is a larger, more complex cell than that of a prokaryotic cell

A rigid, freely permeable outer layer surrounding the cell membrane, it is composed of cellulose and provides structural support and protection to the cell

A specialised organelle responsible for photosynthesis in order to produce pigment called chlorophyll in which absorbs light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

Carbon dioxide + Water —> Glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

A large, membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells which is filled with cell sap and maintains the cell’s turgidness

Thin, hair-like protein structures found on the surface of bacterial cells, usually used to attach to other surfaces or cells

A long, thin tail that protrudes from a cell, used primarily for movement

A small circular strand of DNA which is separate from the main chromosomal DNA used to carry genes for antibiotic resistance

A thick, mucous layer used to shield the cell from attack by the hosts’ immune system

1 Place a drop of water onto the slide 2 Take a thin slice of specimen and place it onto the slide 3 If it s a plant cell, add one or two drops of iodine 4 Add a coverslip gently at a 45 degree angle to avoid air bubbles 5 Remove excess water / stain with tissue

1 Place the slide on the stage and turn on the light 2 use the lowest magnification objective lens 3 look through the eyepiece lens 4 use the coarse focus wheel to lift the stage and bring the cells into view 5 use the fine focus wheel to focus on the image and make the sub cellular structures more visible 6 Finally use the next highest magnification objective lens whilst adjusting the focus wheels

The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration