Physical science 12.3
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a device that processes information using electronic circuits
Computer
Pieces of information
Data
the first general- purpose electronic computer
Eniac
America’s first mass produced computer
UNIVAC I
the type of data that can have any possible value within a specified range
Analog Data
the type of data that can have only certain values within a rage
DIgital Data
random variation of a signal with no intended pattern
Noise
The three advantages of digital data
1.The first advantage of digital data is that digital data is affected by noise much less than analog data is. 2..Another advantage of digital data is that it is possible to detect when a large amount of noise has destroyed digital data 3.A third advantage of digital data is that digital data can be compressed to save storage space or to speed transmission.
BInary digit
Bit
a group of eight bits representing the smallest unit of data a process on a computer can directly access
Byte
the number system based on powers of 2 that is used by modern digital computers to represent data
Binary Number System
the number system based on powers of sixteen; used to represent the binary numbers stored in a computer
Hexadecimal Number System
a device that produces a single binary output based on one or more binary inputs
Logic Date
the physical components of a computer
Hardware
What three basic systems is the computer broken into
Processing, Memory, and Input and output
the brain that controls all the other systems of the computer, performs calculations, and executes the commands needed to accomplish specific tasks.
CPU
a single chip containing a complete CPU
Microprocessor
(also called storage) the system of a computer that allows the CPU to store programs and information
Memory
(short for random access memory)memory used by a computer to store information temporarily
RAM
( short for read-only memory)memory used to store basic information that a computer needs to start and flash memory
ROM
a device that allows the CPU to communicate with the outside world
Input/Output device
a circuit board that connects all the computer’s components and coordinates their activities under the direction of the CPU
Motherboard
stored information and instructions that direct a computer to perform certain tasks
Software
a single piece of software that directs a computer to perform a certain task
Program