Periodicity of Period 3
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in the s-block what is the trend in reactivity going down the group
more reactive going down the group
what is the trend in reactivity going down the group for the non-metals
less reactive going down the group
how reactive are the transition elements
rather unreactive metals
what is the equation for sodium reacting with water
2Na (s) + 2H₂O (l) → 2NaOH (aq) + H₂ (g).
how vigourous is the reaction of sodium with water
• reacts vigoursly with water, fizzes rapidly • melts because of the heat given out • it floats on the surface • forms a strong alkaline solution
what is the equation for the reaction of magnesium with water(l)
Mg (s) + 2H₂O (l) → Mg(OH)₂ (s) + H₂ (g).
q how does magnesium react with water(l)
• reacts slowly with waterat room temperature • forms a weak alkaline solution because Mg(OH)₂ (s) is sparingly soluble
what is the equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam
Mg (s) + H₂O (g) → MgO (s) + H₂ (g)
how does magnesium react with steam compared to water
reacts more vigoursly
what is the equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen
4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
what is the equation for the reaction of magnesium with oxygen
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
what is the equation for the reaction of aluminium with oxygen
4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃
what is the equation for the reaction of Silicon with oxygen
Si (s) + O₂ (g) → SiO₂ (s)
what is the equation for the reaction of Phosphorus with oxygen
P4 + 5O₂ –> P4O10
what is the equation for the reaction of Sulphur with oxygen
• S (s) + O₂ (g) → SO₂ (g). • small amounts of SO3 are also produced
how does sodium react with oxygen
• very vigorous reaction • burns with a yellow flame • produces a white solid
how does magnesium react with oxygen
• very vigorous reaction • burns with a bright white flame • produces a white powder
how does aluminium react with oxygen
• very vigorous reaction • burns brightly/bright white flame • produces a white powder • creates a protective oxide layer
how does silicon react with oxygen
• slow reaction (requires heat)
how does Phosphorous react with oxygen
• red Phosphorous must be heated to produce a reaction • white Phosphorous reacts spontaneously • (red and white are allotropes)
how does Sulphur react with oxygen
• it burns with a blue flame • forms a pungent choking gas
what is the structure and bonding Na2O, MgO, Al2O3
ionic - high melting point (increases across the group) - Al2O3 has some covalent characteristic. the high charge and relatively small size of the Al3+ ion allows it to get close to the O2- ion and distort it’s electron charge
what is the structure and bonding of SiO2
giant covalent - high melting point because many covalent bonds need to be broken during the change of state
what is the structure and bonding of P4O10, SO2
simple covalent - relatively low melting and boiling points as they only have vdw forces and dipole dipole interactions holding them together - P4O10 has a higher melting point as it’s a larger molecule and has larger vdw forces between molecules