10 ECG, CO2 Elimination, & ETCO2

Discovered ECG mechanism

Potential difference across the membrane (voltage) Each cardiomyocyte can create potential difference across the heart

Mean potential difference Direction & magnitude Length correlates to magnitude (-) → (+)

R arm (-) → L arm (+) 0°

R arm (-) → L leg (+) 60°

L arm (-) → L leg (+) 120°

Average all depolarization waves = resultant vector

-30° to 60° MEA Lead I positive (upward deflection) Lead II positive aVF positive

-30° to -90° Causes: L ventricular enlargement, R side MI, R side tension pneumo, normal variant (diaphragm elevation

90° to 180° Causes: R ventricular enlargement, L side MI, L side tension pneumo, pediatrics variant

Augmented voltage right R arm set to positive Sum L arm + L leg (-) starting point at chest center -150°

Augmented voltage left L arm set to positive Sum R arm + L leg (-) starting point at chest center -30°

Augmented voltage foot Foot set to positive Sum R arm + L arm (-) starting point at chest center 60°

Transverse plain V1 = 120° V2 = 90° V3 = 75° V4 = 60° V5 = 30° V6 = 0°

V1 V2

V3 V4

V5 V6

I, aVL, V5, V6 Left circumflex artery

Apical II, III, aVF R coronary artery

V1 - V4 L anterior descending

Amount energy absorbed or transmitted by solution directly proportional to solution molar absorption and solute concentration More concentrated solution absorbs more light than more dilute solution

↑ path-length ↑ absorbance ↓ transmission

Measure quantity of light absorbed by sample Light passes through sample and none absorbed = 0 100% transmission Therefore solution would be pure solvent

Chemical reaction Function to remove CO2 from circle system Neutralization reaction (acid/base) Able to rebreathe exhaled gas possible