Group Properties
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Physical properties of alkali metals
• soft • lustrous • low density • low melting/boiling point • good conductivity
Chemical properties of alkali metals
• extremely reactive • doesn’t naturally exist in pure form • stored in an inert liquid (e.g. paraffin oil) • very strong reducing agent • reactivity increases downwards • strong reducing agent
Properties of non-metals
• brittle • poor conductors (excluding graphite) • low melting/boiling points • low density • acidic oxide • anions
Physical properties of transition metals
• malleable and ductile • high density • high melting/boiling points • sonorous • cations • may have magnetic properties
Chemical properties of transition metals
• forms basic oxides • forms colored compounds • forms compounds with variable oxidation numbers • forms complex ions with excess ammonia • strong reducing agent
Catalyst of Haber’s process
Finely divided iron
Catalyst of Contact Process
Vanadium (V) oxide
Physical properties of halogens
• low melting/boiling point • bad conductor • dissolves readily in organic solvents • chlorine, bromine, and iodine are soluble in water
State of fluorine at room temperature
Yellow, gaseous
State of chlorine at room temperature
Gaseous, greenish-yellow
State of bromine at room temperature
Liquid, reddish-brown
State of iodine at room temperature
Solid, greyish-black
State of astatine at room temperature
Solid, black
Chemical properties of halogens
• strong oxidising agents • with transition metals, halogens form solid metal halides of the highest oxidation state • with alkali metals, halogens form ionic halides • reactivity increases up the group
Catalyst of Ostwald Process
Platinum
Catalyst of hydrogenation of fats
Nickel