CHAPTER 1

The interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the physical environment.

Countries with complex industrialized bases, low rates of population growth, and high per person incomes.

Countries with low levels of industrialization, very high rates of population growth, very high infant mortality rates, and very low per person incomes relative to highly developed countries.

Countries with medium levels of industrialization and per person incomes lower than those of highly developed countries.

Natural resources that are present in limited supplies and are depleted as they are used.

A condition in which people are unable to meet their basic needs for food, clothing, shelter, education, or health.

Resources that are replaced by natural processes and that can be used forever, provided they are not overexploited in the short term.

The way a scientist approaches a problem, by formulating a hypothesis and then testing it.

The ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.