Exercise 15: The Skeletal System
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It refers to the internal mechanical support system.
endoskeleton
In invertebrates, the endoskeleton is typically composed of _______________.
calcium carbonate
Identify examples of endoskeletons which are composed of calcium carbonate.
• cuttlebone of cuttlefish • test of sea urchin
Identify examples of endoskeletons which are composed of chitin.
pen of squid
Identify the compositions of the vertebrate endoskeleton.
bone, cartilage, and ligament
Are structures joining bones.
ligaments
Identify the 2 sections of the vertebrate skeletal system.
• axial skeleton • appendicular skeleton
Identify the 2 primary structures comprising the axial skeleton.
• skull • (posterior) vertebral column
Identify the 3 primary structures comprising the appendicular skeleton.
• pectoral girdle • pelvic girdle • the rest of the appendages
Are bones comprising the vertebral column.
vertebrae
Identify the 2 parts of the skull.
• cranium • mandible
It refers to a set of bones enclosing the brain and sense organs.
cranium
It refers to the lower jaw.
mandible
TRUE or FALSE: The skull is mostly composed of plates of bones.
True
Are jagged lines separating the bones in the skull.
sutures
It is an immovable joint formed by the sutures in the skull.
synarthrosis
It supports the floor of the mouth and anchors the tongue.
hyoid
Are structures housing the nasal cavity.
olfactory capsules
Are structures housing the eyeballs.
orbits
It refers to the rim of the upper jaw.
maxillary arch
Are dorsal projections of the maxillary arch.
premaxillary processes
It is the structure between the olfactory capsules.
premaxillary processes
It is the median opening at the posterior end of the skull.
foramen magnum
Are protrusions on the sides of the foramen magnum.
occipital condyles