plants

undergo photosynthesis to generate energy in forms of ATP

helps cell manage osmotic pressure

outer membrane inner membrane intermembrane space matrix space

outer membrane inner membrane intermembrane space stroma thylakoid membrane thylakoid space

an early eukaryotic cell that possessed mitochondria engulfed a photosynthetic bacterium and retained it in symbiosis

close, long-term interaction between two different species living in direct association with one another

a photon of light knocks an electron out of a chlorophyll molecule which moves along the electron transport chain. part of the energy released by energy transfer is used to pump protons, creating a gradient across the thylakoid membrane, which is then used to drive ATP synthesis

ATP and NADPH produced by light reaction drive the conversion of CO2 to carbohydrate in the stoma of chloroplast

polysaccharide forms microfibrils that are interwoven with other polysaccharides and structural proteins cross linked network of lignin makes it more rigid and waterproof

as the result of an osmotic imbalance between the interior of the plant cell and its surroundings drives cell growth

cell wall

proton gradient generated by the electron transfer during photosynthesis is harnessed by ATP synthase, which converts mechanical to chemical energy

the proton gradient rotates the motor of the ATP synthase the rotational force provides energy to bind ADP with a phosphate group, producing an ATP molecule

inner mitochondrial membrane and thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts

NADPH